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Designation of North American Emission Control Area to Reduce Emissions from Ships
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The International Maritime Organization has officially designated waters off North American coasts as an area in which stringent international emission standards will apply for ships. These standards will dramatically reduce air pollution from ships and deliver substantial air quality and public health benefits that extend hundreds of miles inland. This fact sheet contains an overview of this new geographic emissions control program.
Overview On March 26, 2010, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) amended the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) designating specific portions of U.S., Canadian and French waters as an Emission Control Area (ECA). The proposal for ECA designation was introduced by the U.S. and Canada, reflecting common interests, shared geography and interrelated economies. In July 2009, France joined as a co-proposer on behalf of its island territories of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, which form an archipelago off the coast of Newfoundland. Allowing for the lead time associated with the IMO process, the North American ECA will become enforceable in August 2012.
Ships are significant contributors to the U.S. and Canadian mobile-source emission inventories, though most are flagged or registered elsewhere. Ships complying with ECA standards will reduce their emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In 2020, emissions from these ships operating in the ECA are expected to be reduced annually by 320,000 tons for NOx, 90,000 tons for PM2.5, and 920,000 tons for SOx, which is 23 percent, 74 percent, and 86 percent, respectively, below predicted levels in 2020 absent the ECA. The overall cost of the North American ECA is estimated at $3.2 billion in 2020, while
Office of Transportation and Air Quality EPA-420-F-10-015
March 2010
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its benefits are expected to include preventing as many as 14,000 premature deaths and relieving respiratory symptoms for nearly five million people each year in the U.S. and Canada. The monetized health-related benefits are estimated to be as much as $110 billion in the U.S. in 2020.
The area of the North American ECA includes waters adjacent to the Pacific coast, the Atlantic/Gulf coast and the eight main Hawaiian Islands.1. It extends up to 200 nautical miles from coasts of the United States, Canada and the French territories, except that it does not extend into marine areas subject to the sovereignty or jurisdiction of other States.
Figure 1: Area of the North American ECA
EPA is continuing to investigate whether other areas of the United States and its territories may benefit from ECA designation. We are currently performing analyses to examine whether ECA designation would be appropriate for the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Some other areas for future consideration include the Pacific U.S. territories, smaller
1 As used here, the main Hawaiian Islands include the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Molokai, Niihau, Kauai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe. These islands are the main populated islands of the Hawaiian Islands chain, with the exception of Kahoolawe, which is an uninhabited nature reserve.
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Hawaiian Islands, and Western Alaska. If further information supports the need for an ECA designation in any of these areas, a separate proposal would be submitted to the IMO, following the criteria contained in the international treaty known as MARPOL Annex VI.
The Need to Reduce Emissions from Ships The diesel engines that power ships are significant mobile source emitters. The largest ship propulsion engines being produced today must meet relatively modest emission requirements.2
In addition, both the main propulsion and the smaller auxiliary engines installed on these ships operate on fuel
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