Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

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Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Identify cultural influences on health and decision-making. Create a PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following items:

1. Sub-group name and image with rationale
2. Purnell’s Model constructs and sub-group information (n = 12)
3. Sub-group presence and issues 15 related to local and global community
4. Summary of recommendations for providing culturally competent nursing care to this sub-group Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Submission Instructions:

• Presentation is original work and logically organized. Followed current APA format including citation of references.
• Power point presentation with 10-15 slides were clear and easy to read. Speaker notes expanded upon and clarified content on the slides.
• Incorporate a minimum of 5 current (published within last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions) within your work. Journal articles and books should be referenced according to current APA style (the library has a copy of the APA Manual). Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

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The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence is a broadly utilised model for teaching and studying intercultural competence,[1] especially within the nursing profession. Employing a method of systems theory,[2] the model incorporates ideas about cultures, persons, healthcare and health professionals [3] into a distinct and extensive evaluation instrument used to establish and evaluate cultural competence in healthcare.[4] Although the Purnell Model was originally created for nursing students, the model can be applied in learning/teaching, management, study and practice settings,[5] within a range of countries and cultures.[6] Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Contents

• 1 History and description
• 2 The Purnell Model
  • 2.1 Metaparadigm ideas (outer circles)
    • 2.1.1 Global society
    • 2.1.2 Community
    • 2.1.3 Family
    • 2.1.4 Person
  • 2.2 The domains (inner circle)
    • 2.2.1 Overview/heritage
    • 2.2.2 Communication
    • 2.2.3 Family roles and organisation
    • 2.2.4 Workforce issues
    • 2.2.5 Biocultural ecology
    • 2.2.6 High-risk behaviours
    • 2.2.7 Nutrition
    • 2.2.8 Pregnancy and childbearing
    • 2.2.9 Death rituals
    • 2.2.10 Spirituality
    • 2.2.11 Health care practices
    • 2.2.12 Health care practitioner
  • 2.3 Centre of model
  • 2.4 Pointed line
• 3 Objectives
• 4 Applications
  • 4.1 Practice
  • 4.2 Learning/teaching
  • 4.3 Administration
  • 4.4 Research
• 5 Strengths
• 6 Limitations/weaknesses
• 7 Notes
• 8 References

History and description[edit]

The “Purnell Model for Cultural Competence” was developed by Larry D. Purnell and Betty J. Paulanka,[7] as an outline to classify and arrange elements that have an effect on the culture of an individual.[8] The framework uses an ethnographic method to encourage cultural awareness and appreciation[4] in relation to healthcare. It offers a basis for individual’s providing care to gain knowledge around concepts and features that relate to various cultures[citation needed] in anticipation of assisting the performance of culturally competent care in clinical settings. The model has been recognised as a way to integrate transcultural proficiency into the execution of nursing[citation needed] and in “primary, secondary and tertiary”[1] environments. Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Cultural competence has been described as a process, which is constantly occurring and through which one slowly advances[9] from lacking knowledge to developing it. An individual begins as unconsciously unskilled[10] due to their absence of personal knowledge that they are lacking awareness about other cultures. Next, an individual becomes aware of their incompetence due to their acknowledgement that they have insufficient comprehension of other cultures. Individuals then become deliberately competent (through learning about others’ cultures) so that they are able to apply personalised interventions. Finally, individuals gradually become oblivious to their competence[10] due to their ability to instinctively provide patients with culturally competent care. Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

In multicultural societies, it is becoming essential for healthcare professionals to be able to provide culturally competent care due to the results of enhanced personal health,[11] as well as the health of the overall population. The greater the overall knowledge a health practitioner has about cultures, the better their ability is to conduct evaluations and in turn provide culturally competent suggestions to patients. Purnell’s model requires the caregiver to contemplate the distinct identities of each patient and their views towards their treatment[citation needed] and care.

The Purnell Model[edit]

Illustration of the Purnell Model

Purnell and Paulanka[7] proposed this model including four circles of varying sizes that are representative of the metaparadigms that are applied to nursing,[citation needed] as well as a twelve-part inner circle that illustrates the various “cultural domains”.[12]

Metaparadigm ideas (outer circles)[edit]

The outer circles of the model are interconnected metaparadigm ideas that relate to nursing, and are involved within the process of providing an individual with care.[13] The outermost (first) circle is used to represent the global society,[9] the second circle represents the concept of community, the third of family, and the innermost (fourth) circle illustrates the individual person. Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Global society[edit]

Global society relates to observing the world as an interconnected whole[14] that consists of a range of individuals from various cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Concepts that are present and influence this unified world include globalisation forces and the rapid growth of communication technologies that impact upon how the global society is maintained. It is critical to consider a person’s place within the diverse world community [15] as influencing forces on the global society can impact not only the civilisation, but also an individual’s world outlook.

Community

Family group portrait of Mr and Mrs Young of Waterloo House, Waterford, 1913

Community is included in the model, as a metaparadigm, as in the provision of culturally competent care; an individual’s situation within a community must be addressed. Through considering a patient’s sense of community, care providers acknowledge that different communities may have divergent values, ethics and goals.[16]Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Family[edit]

An individual’s relationship with their family is essential to consider in the deliverance of care. This is because each individual may want to differently consider/explain who constitutes family, and additionally the degree to which they want family members to be involved in their care may fluctuate.[17]

Person[edit]

Persons must be considered in the performance of culturally competent care, as each individual has their own sense of self,[2] values, beliefs and ideas. Due to every person having their own distinct way of relating to their environment, forming social relationships and communicating with others in their community [1] and broader society. Individual’s beliefs and values may impact upon how they wish to be treated.

The domains (inner circle)[edit]

Passing on cultural heritage. ‘Grandfather tells a story’ Anker Grossvater erzählt eine Geschichte 1884

The twelve inner pieces of the model are cultural domains that are composed of concepts that should be focused upon when evaluating patients. Each of the twelve domains should not be viewed as separate or diverse entities, instead it should recognised that they can influence and inform each other[5] and hence should be viewed as unified parts of a whole.Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Overview/heritage[edit]

This domain refers to concepts such as one’s origin[9] that are vital in the aptitude of an individual in understanding both themselves and their patients.

Communication[edit]

This construct relates to the interactions an individual has been exposed to throughout their life and socialisation process, for example with family, peers and the wider community. It also conveys the importance of an individual’s ability to provide verbal cues such as volume/tone[18] and non-verbal cues such as body language and eye contact.[19]

Family roles and organisation [edit]

This domain refers to hierarchies and structures existent within families that may be dependent on gender or age,[20] which have the ability to influence not only family interactions but also the way in which an individual both communicates and acts.

Workforce issues[edit]

Pregnancy custom in China. Burying the placenta. “It was believed that placing the placenta in a pit in the doorway helped the child to become healthy, powerful, strong, wise and unafraid of strangers.[21]” Burying the placenta, C16 Chinese painted book illustration Wellcome L0039985

Workforce issues denotes the way in which aspects present within a workplace such as language barriers,[9] may have an effect on an individual and their sense of being and belonging.

Biocultural ecology[edit]

The concept of biocultural ecology relates to disparities that exist between the diverse range of racial and cultural groups[9] such as biological variations,[22] which need to be considered to gain a greater understanding and appreciation for other cultures.

High-risk behaviours[edit]

High-risk behaviours like consumption of alcohol[18] are vital to consider as they exist within all cultures but the degrees to which they are used and subsequent impacts fluctuate.

Nutrition[edit]

Nutrition should be considered due to variations that exist between different cultures such as food intake and the values of certain foods.[23]

Pregnancy and childbearing[edit]

This concept is important for an individual to understand whilst providing culturally competent care due to the presence of diverse cultural beliefs about pregnancy.[24] There are also various practices and traditions that exist within ethnocultural groups[25] that need to be respected when providing care.

Death rituals[edit]

This domain is fundamental in the deliverance of culturally competent healthcare, as the care provider must recognise patients’ opinions towards death, and their customs towards occasions such as burial ceremonies.[9]

Spirituality[edit]

Spirituality is essential to consider in the acquisition of knowledge about others’ cultures and their practices, for example an individual’s views and habits of prayer.[26]

Health care practices[edit]

This domain should be considered in the provision of culturally competent care, as practices like organ transplantation [24] require the comprehension of an individual’s situation and necessity for care as well as cultural considerations.

Health care practitioner[edit]

This concept should be considered when providing an individual with care due to there being varying opinions and views that are existent among cultures, for example in relation to health care providers.[23]Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group

Centre of model[edit]

The black circle featured in the centre of the diagram remains vacant to symbolise that which is still unknown.[9]

Pointed line[edit]

The line that is present under the circular figure is representative of the progressions and lapses, which occur to cultural proficiency, that are dependent on situations and occurrences[22] that individuals are confronted with.

Objectives[edit]

The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence seeks to accomplish multiple goals towards achieving cultural competence. The model was initially created with the objective of offering a guide in which healthcare professionals could use to aid them in acquiring knowledge about different cultures’ ideas and features. The model has been proposed as an approach to help explain situations and occurrences that have the ability to influence the way individual’s view culture universally in regards to historical viewpoints.[27] It is also intended to offer a way for social and ethnic data to be examined, through an outline that is representative of human attributes. The model is proposed as a basis for healthcare practitioners to understand patient’s interactions and connections in relation to their cultural setting. The overall goal the model was created to attain is to enable the individuals providing care to do so in a way which is thoughtful and skilled, as to encourage consistency as a result of being aware of interdependent cultural features.[27]Presentation: Purnell Model For Population Sub-Group